Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation in Cuba

Movement and Gait Rehabilitation

Parkinson's disease characteristically affects movement — causing rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), tremor, and gait disturbances (including freezing of gait). CIREN's physical therapy program addresses these through:

• Gait training — exercises to improve step length, walking speed, and reduce freezing episodes • Balance and fall prevention — training to address the postural instability that increases fall risk in Parkinson's • Movement strategy training — cueing strategies (visual, auditory) to overcome freezing and improve movement initiation • Stretching and flexibility — to address rigidity and prevent contractures • Cardiovascular exercise — aerobic conditioning which research suggests may have neuroprotective benefits

Speech and Swallowing Therapy

Parkinson's often affects speech (hypophonia — reduced voice volume, and dysarthria — slurred speech) and swallowing (dysphagia). CIREN's speech-language pathologists provide:

• Voice therapy — exercises to increase vocal loudness and improve speech clarity • Swallowing therapy — exercises and strategies to address dysphagia and reduce aspiration risk • Communication strategies — techniques to maintain effective communication in social settings

Cognitive and Emotional Support

As Parkinson's progresses, many patients experience cognitive changes (executive dysfunction, processing speed changes) and emotional issues (depression, anxiety). CIREN's neuropsychologists provide assessment and support for these non-motor symptoms. The program also includes occupational therapy to maintain independence in daily activities and education for patients and families about managing the progressive nature of the disease.